periaqueductal gray การใช้

• The DLF travels through the periaqueductal gray matter.
• Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray ( PEG ) region of the mammalian midbrain elicit vocalizations.
• Brain centers that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex.
• The periaqueductal gray is the spine and terminate in the PAG, in the mesencephalon or midbrain ).
• Wohlfart " et al " hypothesized that klazomania originates in the periaqueductal gray matter in the mesencephalon.
• Other areas that aid in breathing control are the cerebellum, neocortex, and the periaqueductal gray ( speech and breathing ).
• Bladder afferent signals ascend the spinal cord to the periaqueductal gray, where they project both to the pontine micturition center and to the cerebrum.
• In mammals, the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray of the midbrain are critical areas, as shown in studies on cats, rats, and monkeys.
• The medial habenula sends outputs of glutamate, substance P and acetylcholine to the periaqueductal gray via the interpeduncular nucleus as well as to the pineal gland.
• Sexual stimuli trigger activity in a number of brain areas, including the ventromedial hypothalamus, which sends impulses down axons synapsing with neurons in the periaqueductal gray.
• This nucleus receives connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus.
• One area of the brain involved in reduction of pain sensation is the periaqueductal gray matter that surrounds the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct of the ventricular system.
• In this study analgesia was produced in the periaqueductal gray matter, which is an area of the brain that is known to contain a large number of opiate binding sites.
• The vocalizing center in animals is located in the periaqueductal gray matter and a klazomania-like episode involving grunts and animal sounds can be evoked by electrical stimulation of this region.
• The ?-opioid receptors exist mostly presynaptically in the periaqueductal gray region, and in the superficial nuclei of the amygdala, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract.
• Paleospinothalamic neurons carry information from C fibers and terminate throughout the brain stem, a tenth of them in the thalamus and the rest in the medulla, pons and periaqueductal gray matter.
• During estrus, the estrogen hormone, estradiol, regulates sexual receptivity by the neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray, and other areas of the brain.
• Varying levels of CB 1 expression can be detected in the olfactory bulb, septal region ), cerebellar cortex, and brainstem nuclei ( e . g ., the periaqueductal gray ).
• The amygdalofugal pathway and the stria terminalis together  enable the corticomedial amygdala to directly control the medial hypothalamus and enable the basolateral amygdala to directly control the lateral hypothalamus and PAG,  or midbrain periaqueductal gray.
• The participants in the high-psychopathy group exhibited significantly less activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala and periaqueductal gray parts of the brain, but more activity in the striatum and the insula when compared to control participants.